胸片没问题不说明未患上慢阻肺
“慢阻肺是现在患病率非常高的一种疾病,可遗憾的是,很多市民并没有正确认识到它。当反复咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难时,认为是普通的感冒所致,没有引起足够的重视,导致病情逐渐严重、恶化。所以最好的办法就是加大宣传,让市民认识到慢阻肺这种疾病,当出现一些类似症状时,及早来正规医院规范治疗。”17日,泰山医学院附属医院呼吸科主任孟玲告诉记者。
孟玲主任提醒,对于一些烟民来说,往往靠常规体检中的胸片来判断是否患上了慢阻肺,这是一个认识上的误区。胸片没有问题,并不说明没有患上慢阻肺。因为慢阻肺属于功能性疾病,拍X片等医学检查看不出肺有什么异样,其实肺功能可能已经大打折扣,因此有些人会很大意。孟玲主任称,其实发现慢阻肺最准确的方法就是来医院做肺功能筛查,检查者只需要对这肺功能仪吹上几口气,就能客观评价气道阻塞程度。
孟玲主任称,慢阻肺是一种全身性的疾病,不仅呼吸系统受累,骨骼肌肉等也都受损。慢阻肺患者病情急性加重会使其肺功能进行性恶化,并累及心脏,发展成肺源性心脏病,最终导致呼吸衰竭和全身脏器衰竭。
孟玲主任建议,五类人群要进行肺功能检查:一是长期吸烟者,如果吸烟时间长或吸烟量大,不管年龄大小都应检测;二是反复咳嗽、咳痰者;三是活动后感觉胸闷气短,特别是逐渐加重者;四是工作环境中要接触污染气体、粉尘的人;五是呼吸道疾病患者,如已患肺部疾病者,要定期检查肺功能。
患上慢阻肺容易反复感染
“慢阻肺最可怕的地方在于一旦患上之后,肺的功能下降,抵抗力非常差,容易反复感染。”孟玲主任介绍,一些患上慢阻肺的患者很多都是二至三个月就有一个犯病周期,稍不小心就会肺部感染,而且会越来越厉害。
孟玲主任介绍,一般天气转冷或者冬春之交都是慢阻肺发病率非常高的时期。这段时间,天气温差比较大,空气比较干燥,导致呼吸道粘膜分泌的粘液减少,呼吸道的抵抗力降低。而发病后,病人的经济负担也容易大,且不说一些患者年年冬天都容易发作,还有一些病人病情比较严重,非常容易引起肺心病以致心功能衰竭,还有很多患者要进重症监护室进行治疗,经济压力非常大。
对于这种状况,孟玲主任介绍,慢阻肺病人尤其应该注意提高自身抵抗力,在天气温暖时就注意多加锻炼。另外在寒冷天气到来之前注射预防流感的疫苗、肺炎疫苗或者一些增强身体抵抗力的药物。此外,还要尽量避免刺激性气体,例如煤烟等。较严重的病人则应当及时到医院咨询专家寻求更专业的预防用药。
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