瑞典研究人员称,中年人如果患有防碍性睡眠呼吸机暂停症(Obstructive sleep apnea),他们患冠心病的危险将会提升五倍,但如果睡眠呼吸机暂停症能成功获得治疗,患冠心病的危险会大幅降低。
瑞典哥德堡萨霍琳斯加大学附属医院尤克瑟尔·皮克称,虽然有证据表明睡眠呼吸机暂停会导致冠心病,但一直以来研究人员还没有确定二者之间的因果关系。睡眠呼吸机暂停症状表现是,病人睡眠时会出现短暂而频繁的呼吸受阻。
想要找到睡眠呼吸机暂停和冠心病之间的联系必须排除其他情况的干扰。皮克的研究小组对308名年龄在30到69岁之间的中年人进行了研究,这些人于1991年接受了防碍性呼吸暂停症评估,没有患任何心脏疾病。这些人中的大约三分之一(105人)被诊断出患有防碍性睡眠呼吸暂停症。研究人员对这些病人实施了包括持续正压通气(CPAP )、外科手术或口腔矫正器(Oral appliance)等各种标准治疗。尽管如此,但仍有65名病人的睡眠呼吸机暂停症状仍没有获得治愈。
在接下来的7年中,16.2%患有睡眠呼吸机暂停的病人被诊断出患上了冠心病,这个数字在没有患睡眠呼吸机暂停症的人中仅为5.4%。在患有睡眠呼吸机暂停的人群中有8人因冠心病死亡,非睡眠呼吸机暂停人群接受无效治疗病人中,24.6%的人被诊断出患有冠心病,而在那些接受有效治疗病人中这个数字仅为3.9%。
通过多元分析,排除年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病和目前吸烟因素,研究人员发现,防碍性睡眠呼吸机暂停症会使患冠心病的危险增加五倍,对睡眠呼吸机暂停症的有效治疗可以使增加的危险降低大约2/3。皮克研究小组在《欧洲呼吸杂志》撰文指出,他们的研究清晰地表明,防碍性睡眠呼吸机暂停症与冠心病之间存在因果关系。他们写道:“即使轻度防碍性呼吸暂停症也会导致患冠心病的危险大幅增加,所以必须对患防碍性睡眠呼吸机暂停的病人实施极为有效的治疗。”
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